考古挖掘可能会改变我们对罗马灭亡的了解

健康作者 / 花爷 / 2025-02-28 17:51
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      在一处古罗马遗址有了惊人的新发现,考古学家曾认为这是“毫无希望的”。  Interamna Lirenas位于现代意大利中部

  

  Archaeological dig changes everything we know a<em></em>bout the collapse of the Roman Empire

  在一处古罗马遗址有了惊人的新发现,考古学家曾认为这是“毫无希望的”。

  Interamna Lirenas位于现代意大利中部,没有任何可见的废墟,最初被认为是一个“闭塞”的城镇,在第一个千年之交就开始衰落。

  但是,一项历时13年的研究,包括挖掘和雷达调查,发现了证据表明,在公元3世纪,当内战、野蛮人入侵和政治冲突开始困扰罗马帝国时,它仍然“繁荣”。

  这意味着许多普通罗马人的生活可能不会像之前想象的那样迅速走下坡路。

  EMBARGOED TO 0001 TUESDAY DECEMBER 12 Undated handout photo issued by University of Cambridge of two footpath lining the street separating the basilica (top) from the theatre at the excavation site. Archaeologists have unearthed the remains of a roofed theatre, a market and a river port at the site of a Roman town in central Italy, challenging assumptions a<em></em>bout the Empire's decline. The Cambridge University-led study suggests that Interamna Lirenas was a thriving town whose decline began around 300 years later than previously thought. Analysis of pottery excavated at the site, which is now largely crop fields, indicated that the town in Southern Lazio resisted decline until the later part of the 3rd century AD. Issue date: Tuesday December 12, 2023. PA Photo. See PA story HISTORY Roman. Photo credit should read: Alessandro Launaro/University of Cambridge/PA Wire

  领导这项研究的剑桥大学教授亚历山德罗·劳纳罗博士说:“我们从一个非常没有希望的地方开始,从来没有人试图挖掘它——这在意大利非常罕见。”

  “地面上什么也没有,没有明显的建筑痕迹,只有一些破碎的陶器碎片。”

  但我们发现的并不是死水,远非如此。我们发现了一个繁荣的小镇900年来适应了所有的挑战。

  EMBARGOED TO 0001 TUESDAY DECEMBER 12 Undated handout photo issued by University of Cambridge of archaeologists processing artifacts found at the excavation site. Archaeologists have unearthed the remains of a roofed theatre, a market and a river port at the site of a Roman town in central Italy, challenging assumptions a<em></em>bout the Empire's decline. The Cambridge University-led study suggests that Interamna Lirenas was a thriving town whose decline began around 300 years later than previously thought. Analysis of pottery excavated at the site, which is now largely crop fields, indicated that the town in Southern Lazio resisted decline until the later part of the 3rd century AD. Issue date: Tuesday December 12, 2023. PA Photo. See PA story HISTORY Roman. Photo credit should read: Alessandro Launaro/University of Cambridge/PA Wire

  EMBARGOED TO 0001 TUESDAY DECEMBER 12 Undated handout photo issued by University of Cambridge of the excavation site. Archaeologists have unearthed the remains of a roofed theatre, a market and a river port at the site of a Roman town in central Italy, challenging assumptions a<em></em>bout the Empire's decline. The Cambridge University-led study suggests that Interamna Lirenas was a thriving town whose decline began around 300 years later than previously thought. Analysis of pottery excavated at the site, which is now largely crop fields, indicated that the town in Southern Lazio resisted decline until the later part of the 3rd century AD. Issue date: Tuesday December 12, 2023. PA Photo. See PA story HISTORY Roman. Photo credit should read: Alessandro Launaro/University of Cambridge/PA Wire

  “我们并不是说这个小镇很特别,它远比这更令人兴奋。我们认为意大利其他许多普通的罗马城镇也有同样的韧性。

  “只是考古学家们直到最近才开始运用正确的技术和方法来研究它。”

  该遗址距离罗马约130公里,现在大部分是农田,但劳纳罗博士的团队发现了一个有屋顶的1500座剧院、一个市场、一个寺庙、一个浴室和一个大仓库的遗迹,这表明这个城镇曾是一个河港。

  他们进行了一系列的挖掘,并在60英亩的区域内使用了磁性和探地雷达(GPR)。

  EMBARGOED TO 0001 TUESDAY DECEMBER 12 Undated handout photo issued by University of Cambridge of a Gorgon artifix (likely 3rd or 2nd BC0 found the excavation site. Archaeologists have unearthed the remains of a roofed theatre, a market and a river port at the site of a Roman town in central Italy, challenging assumptions a<em></em>bout the Empire's decline. The Cambridge University-led study suggests that Interamna Lirenas was a thriving town whose decline began around 300 years later than previously thought. Analysis of pottery excavated at the site, which is now largely crop fields, indicated that the town in Southern Lazio resisted decline until the later part of the 3rd century AD. Issue date: Tuesday December 12, 2023. PA Photo. See PA story HISTORY Roman. Photo credit should read: Alessandro Launaro/University of Cambridge/PA Wire

  拉纳罗博士补充说:“事实上,这个小镇选择了一个有屋顶的剧院,这样一个精致的建筑,不适合一个衰落的落后地区。”

  “这座剧院是一个重要的身份象征。它展示了这个城镇的财富、权力和野心。

  人们认为这里没有剧院,这是这个城镇早期衰落的证据。

  在附近的罗马城镇,考古学家看到了剧院的遗迹从地下伸出来。

  EMBARGOED TO 0001 TUESDAY DECEMBER 12 Undated handout photo issued by University of Cambridge of what the Roam theatre would have looked like. Archaeologists have unearthed the remains of a roofed theatre, a market and a river port at the site of a Roman town in central Italy, challenging assumptions a<em></em>bout the Empire's decline. The Cambridge University-led study suggests that Interamna Lirenas was a thriving town whose decline began around 300 years later than previously thought. Analysis of pottery excavated at the site, which is now largely crop fields, indicated that the town in Southern Lazio resisted decline until the later part of the 3rd century AD. Issue date: Tuesday December 12, 2023. PA Photo. See PA story HISTORY Roman. Photo credit should read: Alessandro Launaro/University of Cambridge/PA Wire

  “Interamna Lirenas令人惊叹的剧院的遗迹一直都在那里,只是完全被埋葬了。”

  该团队此前发现,尤利乌斯·凯撒在公元前46年成为Interamna Lirenas的赞助人。

  劳纳罗博士说,这个小镇对罗马独裁者来说“很有价值”,因为它“位于一条河流和一条主要道路之间的战略位置,是区域城市网络中一个繁荣的节点”。

  它始建于公元前312年,最终在公元6世纪被遗弃,因为日耳曼人入侵了今天的意大利。

  这项研究发表在周二出版的《意大利罗马都市主义》(Roman Urbanism in Italy)上。

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